Making the Modern Slum shows how the wellbeing of the city–rather than of its people–became an increasingly urgent goal of government, positioning agrarian distress, famished migrants, and the laboring poor as threats to be contained or excluded. She not only challenges assumptions about colonial urbanization and cities in the global south, but also provides a new analytical approach to urban history. Sheetal Chhabria locates the origins of Bombay’s now infamous “slum problem” in the broader histories of colonialism and capitalism. By the early twentieth century, the slum emerged as a particularly useful category of stigmatization that would animate city-making projects in subsequent decades. Town planners, financiers, and property developers joined forces to secure the city as a space for commerce and encoded shelter types as legitimate or illegitimate. In colonial Bombay, capitalists and governors, Indian and British alike, used moments of crisis to justify interventions that delimited the city as a distinct object and progressively excluded laborers and migrants from it. Yet, rather than halting the flow of capital, these crises served to secure it.
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Bombay was beset by crises such as famine and plague. Smart Cities in the Global South Digital Abstraction por Thoth, God of Knowledge con licencia CC BY 2.0 Smart cities are urban development projects that.
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